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This 11 page paper considers five different stages of accounting development indifferent countries, defines them and then gives examples justifying why they are classified in that development stage. The stages are accounting development that is; a) Highly developed and complex; b) Well developed and mature; c) reasonably developed, with an individual character; d) beginning development, mostly under external influences and e) little or no measurable development. Countries discussed include The UK, Italy, the US, France, Singapore, South Africa, China Egypt, Zimbabwe and Uzbekistan. The bibliography cites 19 sources.

This is a 6 page paper discussing the slave trade and treatment of slaves in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and Herman Melville’s “Benito Cereno”. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and Herman Melville’s “Benito Cereno” show different sides of the slave trade and slave life in the 18th century and colonial America. Although both stories are fictional, they nevertheless accurately reflected the slave situations at the time. Subsequent articles researched on the slave trade have found that largely slave trading was a considered a prosperous commodity in Europe and the colonies and despite the fact that both Stowe and Melville write accounts which show their opposition to slavery, it was considered acceptable in the 18th century. What surprises readers however in Stowe’s account is the cruelty of the slave owners to their slaves, not only on moral grounds but because they basically ruined their financial investments by beating the slaves until they could no longer work or be traded. Additionally, in Melville’s novella, the character of Captain Delano shows the tremendous racism at the time while at the same time allowing his naiveté in the future of the slaves and the slave revolt depict the presumptions and prejudices of the “good American”. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

This is a 12 page paper discussing issues in regards to counseling Latino clients. Therapists who are counseling Latino men and women must take into account various cultural and ethnic values traditional in Latino families including adherence to machismo, marianismo, persondisimo, simpatia, respeto and familism; all of which define the gender, family and community relations and rely on protection, support, respect and honor. However, in regards to Latinos in the United States, differences between individuals also rely on acculturation levels. In the case of counseling Latina women who have been raped or sexually abused, therapists must take into account not only traditional values of Latinos, but also acculturation levels, concepts of identity, biculturalism, stages of identity development, attitudes on present day sexual influences, health care formality, the current state of family influences and the shifting gender roles among other issues. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

This is a 5 page paper with added tutorial language about the rape case of Rebecca Foster as documented in the diaries of Martha Ballard. The rape of Rebecca Foster as documented in the diaries of Martha Ballard in Hallowell, Maine in 1789 provides for an interesting investigative journey into literature and events of the past. As a respected member of the community, Martha Ballard provided an interesting account of the events which led up to the conviction and “not guilty” verdict of Judge Joseph North in regards to the rape of Rebecca Foster. Contrary to the verdict however, from evidence inferred in Martha Ballard’s diary and Laurel Thatcher Ulrich’s interpretation of the work, it would seem that North appeared more guilty than innocent. However, since only the personal accounts of Ballard are documented as the testimony to the case is not known, readers are left to speculate for themselves what really happened during the August of 1780 when Rebecca Foster’s husband was out of town. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

This is a 5 page reading note with some tutorial language (in square brackets) describing Anna Deavere Smith’s book and play “Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992”. Anna Deavere Smith’s “Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992” is a book based on over 200 interviews Smith conducted accounting the riots and Rodney King beating which took place in Los Angeles in 1992. The book and the interviews are meant as a basis for her one woman play which depicts twenty-five of the fifty interviews documented in the book. The book is divided into several sections which provide various accounts from different perspectives in reaction to the events in 1992. Despite the dire content however, Smith manages to include the right amount of satire, humor, harsh reality and unforgettable characters for the reader and also shows her great range as a writer and as an actor in her characterizations. The book also includes several images from the riots and a chronological listing of the events. Bibliography lists 1 source.

14 pages. The current complexity and confusion surrounding accounting rules and regulations is finally getting detailed attention, thanks to the Enron bankruptcy. Although these problems are being addressed too late for the hapless Enron investors, perhaps such a travesty can be avoided by making some of the vague accounting regulations more detailed and explicit. This interesting paper delves into revenue manipulation and gives some examples of how it can happen and what steps might be taken to avoid it. The corporate world of today is seeing more internal control and audits taking place, and this is only going to get more involved after what happened with Enron. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

9 pages in length. A collection of personal essays in Judy Yung's Unbound Voices and an account of civil rights issues in Vicki L. Ruiz's From Out of the Shadows effectively illustrates how each author is quite successful at telling tales of cultural struggle, immigration, racism & discrimination and the inherent commitment that accompanies assimilation. In portraying the characterization of these various bonds and relationships, the authors' quintessential components draw together the very basic qualities that exist within the confines of Mexican-American and Asian-American cultures. While there are, indeed, a handful of similarities with regard to the two very diverse concepts of conventional culture and mainstreaming into another, each author illustrates how there exist many more differences that serve to cause friction in direct relation to respect for one's natural heritage, with particular focus upon women. No additional sources cited.

A 5 page contention that the modern era of the nineteenth and twentieth century have by many accounts waged more damage on Jerusalem than the city has incurred at any point in her pre-modern history. Much of this damage relates to the perception of the religious importance of the city. It is an insult which is deserved of a deliberate archaeological effort to clarify that indeed Jerusalem was, and is, one of the most important religious shrines on earth. This paper proposes additional excavation in Jerusalem which is designed to demonstrate that the Bible, despite growing perceptions to the contrary, is an accurate historical record and not just the myth of which some would prefer it be comprised. A brief budget is proposed based on a fictional $1,000,000 grant. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

An 8 page paper discussing a marketing plan for WorldPay, an online payment service focusing on business-to-business transactions. The paper adds discussion of the marketing mix and benefits to client companies to general background discussed elsewhere and not included in this paper. The paper concludes that WorldPay also needs to stress that its services are appropriate for international trade but certainly not unavailable for domestic transactions. It needs to encourage customers to consider making all its business payments through WorldPay for the purpose of speeding the process by which funds arrive in the business' account while simultaneously gaining added security in each transaction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

8 pages in length. Roland Case's "Understanding Judicial Reasoning : Controversies, Concepts, And Cases" addresses issues that society has been grappling with since the creation of the Constitution: How much of the law should be left up to personal interpretation and how much should be followed to the letter? Indeed, the extent to which contemporary judges impart their own legal perception is part and parcel to what Case attempts to tackle within the pages of his insightful account. Particularly interesting is how the author addresses three distinctive methods of reasoning that serve to define the decision-making processes of today's legal system, which include reasoning from interpretive guidelines; reasoning from prior cases; and reasoning from principle. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

This is a 10 page paper discussing the history, chemistry and effects of cocaine and its usage in Western society. Originating in 1860 in Western society, cocaine has been used extensively as a recreational drug. Synthetic cocaine is now produced because of the increased effort in the restrictions of obtaining drug from its natural source. Recently researchers have found that the dopamine hypothesis can account for the psychological effects of the drug while the physiological effects include tachycardia, hypertension and renal failure. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

This is a 6 page paper discussing Harriet Jacob’s story “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”. Harriet Jacobs’ account of her story of slavery, her desire for freedom yet her desire to remain close to her family is well depicted in her “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” (1861). In the narrative, Jacobs tells the story of her life as a slave girl and her feelings of humiliation, deprivation and the lack of control over her life. Her story also reflects several characteristics of modern feminist thought as proposed by Marilyn Frye and Patricia Hill Collins. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

5 pages. An excellent and thorough explanation of the Game Theory of economics. Explains in detail how this theory works and how it applies in real-world situations to companies with oligopolies. Standard microeconomics provides a theory of decision-making where the outcomes of various decisions are known. Game theory provides rational solutions when the outcomes are uncertain. Game theory has proven very useful in the study of oligopoly markets where each participant must take account of the reactions of its competitors. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

A 5 page paper discussing two nursing theories, one of which is broad, the other mid-range. Most models of nursing theory are careful to take into account the fact that the patient is more than only a body in dysfunction. These theories have originated with at least one individual’s background in patient care in conjunction with the theorist’s higher awareness of the interaction of many factors in realizing physical goals. The purpose here is to compare a broad nursing theory with a mid-range one. The work of J. Travelbee represents the broad nursing theory. That of K.M. Swanson addresses mid-range issues. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 5 page paper giving an account of the activities resulting in completion of the aggregate survey tool and assessment. The effort began on July 18, 2002, ending on August 1. The purpose of these activities was to identify and assess an aggregate of individuals over the age of 65 who also have heart disease, investing at least sixteen clinical hours in the effort. The paper discusses the activities, then compares aggregate-based assessment to working with individuals and their families. It concludes that the aggregate approach avoids the complexity of individuals as larger "systems," allowing the nurse to focus first on one small component and then apply the findings to the "system" of the individual. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

A 5 page paper discussing the items and assurances that a banker will want to see from a small business seeking a loan. Such a loan will not be made for a startup business, but for one that has a demonstrated track record. Small businesses often cannot keep pace with their own growth. This is where a solid relationship with a bank or similar lender is advantageous for the business. Even though such a relationship may exist, the business still will need to demonstrate an ability to repay the loan as well as the ability to remain in business. The banker will want to see an accounting of how the funds will be used and what the anticipated return is. Collateral may or may not be useful, depending on the type of business and how useful the collateral could be to the bank in the case of default. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

This 9 page paper reports and explains the initiatives in the United Kingdom regarding post-compulsory education. The writer first explains the different qualifications certificates, i.e., the National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) and the General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQ) and the levels therein. An example of the curriculum for the plumbing NVQ is included. Next, there is a discussion of a number of initiatives, including the University for Industry, learning accounts, LearnDirect centres and initiatives for youth. The writer comments on the effects of the initiatives on business and training centers. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

This is a 5 page paper discussing various suggestions and opportunities for customer satisfaction and retention in a dental practice. Assessment of the information available on the web site of Dr. Sandra Finch, D.M.D (www.drfinch.com), provides the reader with a good outline of the services available in her dental practice in White Rock, British Columbia. The web page gives background, education and training information about Dr. Finch herself under “Meet the Doctor” as well as other customer services areas such as “About the Practice”, “New Patient Information”, “Cosmetic Dentistry”, “Testimonials” and an email contact address under “Contact Us”. The importance of the customer/patient is emphasized throughout the web site and the invitation is also extended to welcome new patients. However, in order to retain her current patients and attract new patients, various customer relations procedures could be introduced which would provide a unique edge over the competition. These practices could include increased advertising through other areas of the media, public speeches to local social groups, customer satisfaction surveys, setting up a referral network, larger access through the web page, guaranteed appointment times and extended hours among other suggestions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

This is a 15 page paper discussing the impact of the Internet on democracy. The Internet in today’s society has begun to take on many of the governmental processes which previously were only restricted to traditional methods during the democratic process. Political parties are now using the Internet during election campaigns and are increasing their access by the inclusion of online chat rooms or email addresses from which they can be contacted. The fact that the Internet is becoming accepted by many governments and by most of the Western population is only the beginning of what many people believe can be the expansion of democracy on a global scale. Promoters of the increased use of the Internet would like to see what can be referred to as an “e-democracy” in which not only the traditional democratic processes can be converted to Internet access, such as online voting, but see the Internet as becoming a way in which individuals within society can become much more proactive in the world of political issues and ideals. The promotion of democratic ideals on a global scale through the Internet is seen as a natural process by many who believe the introduction of the Internet in underdeveloped countries or in countries which were formerly not based on democracies and its link to the market economy can only result in individuals from all nations given access to global information and international contacts. It is the availability of this global information and the link with the market economy which many believe are the keys to a natural development of democracy and the Internet plays a central part to this accessibility. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

This is a 15 page paper discussing the impact of the Internet on democratization. The impact of the Internet in today’s society is evident in the way it has become one of the major engines of modern day democracy and is also seen as one of the major tools for expansion of future democracy in communities throughout the world. The Internet has already begun to take on many of the governmental processes which previously were only restricted to traditional methods during the democratic process. Political parties are now using the Internet during election campaigns and are increasing their access by the inclusion of online chat rooms or email addresses from which they can be contacted. The fact that the Internet is becoming accepted by many governments and by most of the Western population is only the beginning of what many people believe can be the expansion of democracy on a global scale. Promoters of the increased use of the Internet would like to see what can be referred to as an “e-democracy” in which not only the traditional democratic processes can be converted to Internet access, such as online voting, but see the Internet as becoming a way in which individuals within society can become much more proactive in the world of political issues and ideals. The promotion of democratic ideals on a global scale through the Internet is seen as a natural process by many who believe the introduction of the Internet in underdeveloped countries or in countries which were formerly not based on democracies and its link to the market economy can only result in individuals from all nations given access to global information and international contacts. It is the availability of this global information and the link with the market economy which many believe are the keys to a natural development of democracy and the Internet plays a central part to this accessibility. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

10 pages. Standard microeconomics provides a theory of decision-making in which the outcomes of various decisions are known. Game theory provides rational solutions when the outcomes are uncertain. Game theory has proven very useful in the study of many things such as oligopoly markets in which each participant must take account of the reactions of its competitors. For the purpose of this paper the writer considers the use of game theory in understanding the relationship between the member nations of the United Nations. This is an intriguing and enlightening look at both the concept of Game Theory in Economics as well as the relationship between various nations. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

This 6 page report discusses Germany and the German economy. The first and single most important fact to keep in mind regarding the German economy is that it is the world’s third largest economy and accounts for somewhat more than one-fourth of the European Union’s gross domestic product. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

14 pages in length. Drawing upon the work of David Goldberg's "Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning," one can readily argue that idea of race has always combined references to what is seen as natural (fixed) and social construct, suggesting that very divergent discourses have been implemented over time as a means by which to account for human diversity within the colonial context of European and non-European differences. Furthermore, the notion of race is not inherent to biology, but rather it is a social and cultural classification that has been erroneously attributed to biological implication. The writer discusses the concept of race from the Puritan colonization to present-day criminal justice system. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

5 pages in length. Japan and the United States have long been rivals within the technology industry, and video game systems are no exception. In order for their respective marketing environments to rise to the occasion of continued technological advancement, new opportunities must be made available to consumers as a means by which to draw interest in the ever-changing formats. PS2 and Xbox represent the most recent attempts to outsell the competitor; by all accounts so far, Sony appears to have the upper hand over Microsoft, a ranking that may very well change over the course of time. The writer compares and contrasts the two gaming systems. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 20 page paper examining the topic of bankruptcy and how to avoid it. Bankruptcy carries less negative connotation than it did in the past, but the need for it in the hospitality industry – or any other, for that matter – indicates that management has not properly identified trends or accurately assessed the organization’s place in its industry. Sound financial management does not occur in a vacuum. It is dependent on accurate assessment of the state of the industry; economic conditions in industries that can affect the hospitality industry; regional and global economic conditions; political stability and a host of other issues. It is dependent on the identification and pursuit of appropriate strategy and must take into account changing customer needs as it strives to meet those needs. Bibliography lists 23 sources.