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A 5 page paper discussing keeping the organization’s annual report artificially attractive. The art of accounting is that there often are several ways to legitimately report the same information. The use of most are dictated by circumstances under which they were generated, but management has leeway in them because of the wide range of origins possible and that categorization of these legitimate “special items” can be highly subjective. Retaining stockholders’ equity and increasing their return on investment is a condition that every public company needs to work to achieve and maintain, but it must be on an honest basis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

This 25 page paper discusses issues in accounting pertinent to internal controls and the audit function. A look at how auditing has changed over the years is included as well as a look at the limitations of computers in the field. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

A 6 page paper discussing Smith's account of the origination of worker specialization, or division of labor. It was the worker who devised improvements to make his job easier and more productive. The goal of each small invention was not to contribute to the good of society or to propel the workman into a class of 'genius,' but rather to better individuals' living conditions. Produce more, earn more, purchase more goods to make life more comfortable and enjoyable. It is a common concept today, but new when Adam Smith proposed it in The Wealth of Nations. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

A 10 page review of the perceptions and eventual roles of girls in scientific disciplines and careers. Identifies a reversing trend in the pursuit of scientific careers by females. Addresses the formative factors in child development which can account for this and suggests that curriculum can be more effectively designed to attract girls to these fields and to ultimately result in more women pursuing science as a career. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

A 5 page research paper that explores how the voices of Latin American women are speaking out against the forces of oppression within their societies. The writer looks specifically at the autobiographical account of an Indian female activist, Rigoberta Menchu, that won the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize as well as the role played by the United States in perpetuating the atrocities that have routinely taken place in Latin America. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

A 100 page paper closely examining extant literature and proposing a study to be conducted investigating methods of containing the costs of medical care in America. Formerly an issue of "worth any price," that old view of health care has come under the scrutiny of the pragmatic as economic reality has set in and made itself secondary only to medical ethics and patient outcomes. The paper does discuss health maintenance organizations (HMOs), but the argument present throughout favors the medical savings account (MSA) from which customers pay their own medical fees, bypassing any third-party entity such as insurance companies. Still discriminated against for tax purposes, the MSA is gaining the attention of the would-be reformers. Participants and their physicians are more aware of the costs of health care and make their decisions based not on the bill being paid by "someone else," but rather on the benefit the customer can expect to gain by purchasing the service. Bibliography lists 47 sources.

This 5 page report discusses the Roth IRA that came into existence in 1998 and offers different advantages from traditional IRAs. Tax and conversion issues are outlined and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of account are also covered. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 10 page analysis of biologists Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene in which Dawkins proposes a theory of natural selection that encompasses all human behavior. This theory maintains that the process of natural selection actually works at the level of the gene. Dawkins is, above all else, a Darwinist and the basis for his theory is really quite elegant in its simplicity. Life's complex evolutionary path can be accounted for, according to Dawkins, by simply examining the ways in which genes preserve their own existence by promoting behaviors and characteristics that increase their chances of survival into the next generation. No additional sources cited.

Competitive Markets: When considering pricing strategies the components of cost, competitor considerations, strategic goals, and member usage patterns for all products, not just a single product, must be taken into account. This 3 page paper addresses competitive markets and proposes that competitive strategy rests on the theory of efficient markets. The microcompetitive model performs as the foundation of industry analysis, identifies factors in industry profit differences, and explores the analytical concepts underlying the opportunity costs of capital. Industry analysis stands as a cornerstone of competitive strategy. It incorporates the Five Forces Model of Industry: (1) intensity of competition or rivalry; (2) presence of substitute products; (3) buyer power; (4) power of suppliers; and (5) impediments to market entry. The theories and propositions of George Stigler are examined. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

5 pages in length. The duality of Willa Cather's portrayal of women in My Antonia represents the inherent dichotomy that exists between conventionality and unconventionality. A longstanding debate has raged ever since the author penned her account of a woman torn between traditional gender representation and that which is not considered conventional. The argument within the literary world revolves around the feminist approach, with some critics contending that Antonia represents the archetypal female who awakens to her innate functions as a woman. The writer presents a review of literary opinions in relation to how women's roles are portrayed in My Antonia. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

3 pages in length. There is no question that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are in need of some major improvement efforts. Time and time again, anecdotal accounts of ongoing difficulties between patients and their HMOs have been documented; such documentation has reached epidemic proportion with regard to the lack of quality care throughout the industry. This is not new information for those within the HMO framework; however, the problem is determining the most effective avenue to follow when attempting to improve the system. The writer discusses how HMOs are attempting to improve their quality of care. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

3 pages in length. Documentary television is instrumental in providing insightful and extraordinarily entertaining accounts of both an historical and personal nature. It has been the connection between civilization past and present, utilizing actual and imagined events as a means by which to convey myriad emotions, facts and sometimes just pure anecdotal remembrances. When one studies the various aspects of documentary television, several key elements come to mind with regard to the way any given series might be compiled and broadcast. The writer discusses the concepts of pro-filmic and pro-filmic convention, narrative versus fiction, subjects versus characters; and mythic versus mimetic narratives. No bibliography.

When attempting to compare businesses across international borders there are several factors that must be considered. Access to information in this age of globalization is not much of a problem if one has access to the internet. Most companies have provided pertinent information for individuals wishing to invest on-line. One problem is the lack of accounting standards applicable on a global level. It is common to find complete information for one, while only the bare minimum for others. This 4 page paper compares three companies in three different countries. To facilitate a viable comparison, all three companies are associated with the brewing and international distribution of beer. Asahi; in Japan; Bass Brewers, in Great Britain and Grupo Modelo, in Mexico were compared in terms of: sales in 1997; the percentage of increased sales from 1996; the percentage of the national market in 1997; size of the company, as indicated by the number of employees; operational profits in 1997 and the percentage of change in operational profits from 1996. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

5 pages in length. The overt implications of fear and control represent the role women play in Jane Smiley's 'A Thousand Acres.' It can be argued that the author identified women as being akin to material possessions, equating them with things that are to be used, like land and other tangible entities. While it is clear that women have intrinsic value of their own, this aspect of the female gender is not readily acknowledged through characterization in Smiley's literary account. The writer discusses issues of fear and control in relation to 'A Thousand Acres.' Bibliography lists 2 sources.

6 pages in length. John Thornton's 'Africa And Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World 1400-1800' is instrumental in demonstrating the significant impact Africans had upon the Atlantic world's cultural development as a result of their trek to the Americas during the colonial period. The writer discusses how the abundance of Africans who left their homeland on account of the slave trade made a considerable mark upon how the Americas were ultimately established. It can be argued that their participation -- even though unrecognized by the Africans themselves at the time -- was contributory to the Atlantic world's overall evolvement. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

7 pages in length. Coming to terms with death is not an easy task. In Sherwin B. Nuland's "How We Die : Reflections on Life's Final Chapter," readers are given the opportunity to delve into the various characteristics and experiences relating to the issues of dying. The author offers accounts from a number of perspectives, including patient, family, doctor, nurse and administrator, which allows the reader to gain significant insight to the coping methods employed by each group. The writer recognizes that although unquestionably intense and contemplative in its approach, "How We Die : Reflections on Life's Final Chapter" reviews in a quite humane and thought provoking manner the steps each person takes in addressing the inherent difficulties of life's end. No additional sources cited.

A 15 page research paper that gives a detailed account of the conflict that erupted in Johnson County, Wyoming in 1892 between big cattle ranchers and settlers and farmers who only had small herds. The big ranchers claimed that they were wiping out rustlers and thieves that were trying to steal them blind. The ordinary people of Johnson County felt the powerful ranchers were trying to exterminate them and drive them from their homes. The writer, citing numerous primary sources, argues that it was a case where 'the few who had' were determined to keep it and the 'many who wanted their share' were determined to persevere till they got it. Bibliography lists 18 sources.

This 10 page report discusses who was responsible for the shooting death of 22 year old Amadou Diallo, an immigrant from Guinea, in February of this year. The four police officers indicted for the killing have been charged with “intentional murder and murder with depraved indifference to human life.” Diallo had no criminal record and was, by all accounts, a devout, law-abiding Muslim who, in no way, provoked the attach in which 41 bullets were fired by the police, 19 of them hitting Diallo. Asking who or what was to blame for the killing is something of an exercise in futility. Numerous factors played equally important roles in the tragedy. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

7 pages in length. Followers of Michael Ondaatje's work have long understood the connection between the author's stories and his own personal accounts; however, Ondaatje is often reserved and quite disinclined to associate the two concepts at any length. Indeed, the relationship between Ondaatje's fictional characters and those who reside in his own personal existence have often been considered to be one and the same by those who have delved deeply into the author's psyche; to be sure, it is there that the author effectively establishes a great deal of mental connection with what ultimately appears upon the blank paper. The writer discusses the association between fiction and reality in relation to these two stories. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

5 pages in length. Of all the books that have been written about Jackie Robinson, 'Great Time Coming: The Life of Jackie Robinson From Baseball To Birmingham' by David Falkner has been heralded as the best of the bunch. Painstakingly assembled, Falkner took extra measures to ensure that the information which eventually made it into his book was, indeed, genuine and factual. As a means by which to do so, the author investigated the authenticity of myriad accounts that appeared in other publications, only to find that many of them did not hold up to the truth. What Falkner wanted to present was not yet another fabrication of the life of baseball great Jackie Robinson, but rather one that portrayed the man for who he truly was and what he represented. The writer offers a review of Falkner's book. No additional sources cited.

5 pages in length. Rebecca Larsen's treatment of Paul Robeson's life and times, as reflected in "Paul Robeson: Hero Before His Time," is done in such a way that is understandable by all ages. Directing her text primarily to younger audiences, Larsen nevertheless establishes a concrete connection between the myriad events and meanings of Robeson's life that adolescent readers can easily comprehend. In her account of the popular athlete, singer, actor and activist of the early twentieth century, the author touches upon many aspects of Robeson's life that best represented his intentions both as a human being and a black man. The writer reviews the author's book, as well as dicusses how Larsen is able to convey a significant sense of urgency in relation to Robeson's desire to break free from the oppressive chains of prejudice. No additional sources cited.

9 pages in length. A great deal of maturity and moral development occurs in both Homer's 'The Iliad' and Shakespeare's 'Hamlet.' Respective to the central characters of Achilles and Hamlet, each man comes to various conclusions with regard to the acceptance of reality, issues of morality and, perhaps above all, the concept of their own mortality. Inasmuch as both characters derive their conclusions on account of individual occurrences, one can argue that the path to enlightenment may have been different, but the ultimate outcome reaped a similar benefit. The writer discusses morality and mortality as they relate to Achilles and Hamlet. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

5 pages in length. Given a choice which writer best portrayed the beat generation, one would have a difficult time choosing between John Clellon Holmes’ “Go” and Jack Kerouac’s “On The Road.” However, if the deciding factor was in their inherent writing styles, there is little doubt the vast majority of readers would better enjoy the entertaining and enlightening ramblings of Holmes. Although both books reiterate the life and times that comprised the beat generation, opinions as to the both the style and flavor of writing has, for the most part, leaned favorably toward Holmes’ account. The writer compares styles of writing in relation to 'Go' and 'On The Road.' Bibliography lists 6 sources.

A 10 page analysis of the book by Washington Post reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward. All the President's Men is an intriguing account of the what was undoubtedly the century's finest, and most fascinating, example of investigating reporting. Bernstein and Woodward broke the story of the 1972 break-in of the Democratic Party's National Headquarters, which was located at the prestigious Watergate office complex. The series of newspaper articles that Bernstein and Woodward wrote following the break-in eventually traced this incident all the way back to the White House. The Watergate scandal caused the downfall of the Nixon presidency and the eventual incarceration of many of the key leaders of his administration. No additional sources cited.

The issue of legalization of marijuana is a complicated mixture of social, political, ethical, medical and legal considerations. In the United States, marijuana has been deemed a dangerous drug with severe consequences for possession and distribution. California has taken the lead in declaring a willingness to acknowledge the medicinal value of marijuana. By voting for Proposition 215, they have validated the personal accounts of many people who suffer from AIDS, cancer and other illnesses who are not able to use the synthetic prescription form of marijuana now available. This 10 page paper argues that denying cancer and AIDS patients, paraplegics and epileptics access to a potentially useful medicine that is safer than most legally prescribed drugs is inhumane. Bibliography lists 8 sources.