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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page research paper that discusses the various "reform" movements that occurred in the Muslim world during the eighteenth century. Topics addressed include the movements in Sumatra, India, and Arabia. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khisref.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
of militant Islam has increased (Keddie, 1994). The following examination of these "reform" movements will examine why Muslims revolted against the status quo, looking at why they wished to reform
Islam and how they went about expressing this desire. The movements that have characterized the history of Islam have been referred to as "puritanical or reform movements," but
Keddie (1994) rejects these terms as fundamentally inaccurate. Puritanical generally denotes a particular Western religious group, so, therefore, does no seem appropriate. Keddie rejects the term "reform" because it is
equally used for a liberal modern school whose tenets and practices are very different from those of eighteenth century revivalists (1994). Another name for these movement is "jihad movements,"
which is a term used to refer to a holy war against forces external to the Muslim faith. In each instance, the express motivation was to remove current rulers and
practices and replace them with ones that were deemed to be "truly Islamic" (Keddie, 1994). In the eighteenth century, such movements occurred in Saudi Arabia with the Wahhabis;
in West Africa, and a major jihad occurred in Sumatra in the early nineteenth century (Keddie, 1994). These movements occurred without Western conquest. However, in the period of early
Western conquest, similar movements were directed wholly or in part against Westerners. These include the Wahhabis and Faraizis of South Asia, Shamyl in Caucasus, Abdel Qadir in Algeria, and the
Senussis in Libray (Keddie, 1994). The causation of the latter movement include the territorial conquests of the West, the infidel; however, the causes of the pre-conquest movements are more complex
(Keddie, 1994). There has been little comparative study of these movements because they occurred in such a widely dispersed area and among different cultures (Keddie, 1994). Several of the
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