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This paper 3 page paper discusses some of the changes in the fields of art and architecture during the time of the Crusades. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVArtArc.rtf
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of the Crusades. Pilgrimages and Church Architecture in the Romanesque Period The "Romanesque Period" generally covers the years 1000 - 1140; the word means "Roman-like" and was used to
describe an architectural style that "used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica" (Petersen, 2005). During this period, Europe as we know it was born,
and a middle and merchant class emerged (Petersen, 2005). In addition, two monastic orders became prominent, the Cluniac and the Cistercian; monasteries housed saints relics (Petersen, 2005).
During this period, "the cult of relics became a major cultural factor influencing architecture in particular [because] devout Christians would undertake long pilgrimages in order to visit and venerate the
relics of saints and martyrs" (Petersen, 2005). The routes between monasteries became well-known and well-traveled and soon came to be known as "Pilgrimage Roads"; they became "routes of trade/commerce
and travel" (Petersen, 2005). In order to meet the needs of a great number of travelers, "large scale building projects were undertaken" across Europe, including what are known as
the "pilgrimage churches" (Petersen, 2005). They were often built to replace wooden churches that had burned or otherwise been destroyed, but they were built as a direct result of
the numbers of pilgrims on the roads (Petersen, 2005). These churches were characterized by "thick heavy walls which support stone roofs"; "a block, earthbound appearance"; they were "large, simple
geometric masses"; the "exterior reflects the interior structure and organization"; they tended to be dark inside because of massive walls and small windows; but there was a "growing sophistication in
vaulting to span the large spaces - barrel vaults, groin vaults and rib vaults are used" (Petersen, 2005). Art, Architecture and the Religious Experience of Chartres Cathedral Chartres
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