15 pages in length. The Emergency can be seen as a milestone of continuing negotiation between 'traditional' Indian ideas/institutions and the modern progressive ideals embraced by the Congress Party that remain alien to most of the Indian population. Analyzing the fundamental basis behind the Emergency, one finds that modernity in India has always been laid on society from the top, with all power solely residing with the Congress and the Nehru family. However, no matter how much power is concentrated within the central government with all their Nehruian ideals, the fact remains how real power lies between that at the center and the extraordinary stratification throughout the rest of the country, which functioned upon an entirely different basis. Under Indira Gandhi, as well as that of her father, the central government's point of view has always maintained a sense of a nation being jeopardized by its various constituents; as such, the nation-state must be defended. Clearly, there exists the entrenched idea of how the Nehru family has long upheld a lock upon the progressive change in India and, thus, must play an essential role in the defense of this nation-state. Bibliography lists 16 sources.