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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page paper. Anemia is common among the elderly and its incidence increases with age. This paper reports the definition and criteria set by the World Health Organization for anemia. It also reports the recommendations from experts and groups for changing the standards for a diagnosis of anemia in elderly patients. The writer comments on how physicians often miss anemia in their older patients, considering the symptoms a function of the aging process. Research investigating mortality risk along with the validity of existing definitions are reported and discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGanemol.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
identifies the criteria for anemia as having "hemoglobin of less than 12 g per dL [120 g per L] in women and less than 13 g per dL [130 g
per L] in men" (Smith, 2000). In a 2001 article. Elliott reports the WHO criteria for anemia is a "hemoglobin level below 12 g/dL" (Elliott, 2001). Elliott explains this criterion
is based on the average levels across the world (2001). Elliott also reports that physicians in America use a somewhat different standard, one that is based on their population of
patients (Elliott, 2001). That criterion ranges "between 11.5 g/dL and 12.5 g/dL" (Elliott, 2001). In yet another article reporting The Womens Health and Aging Study, a "hemoglobin value below 12.0
gm/dL is considered to be low and suggests anemia" (Williamson et al, nd). Hemoglobin is a protein found in the red blood cells; this protein is responsible for transporting
oxygen through the body (Williamson et al, nd). When the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells falls below the determined criteria, the diagnosis is anemia (Williamson et al, nd).
Low levels of hemoglobin results in a "diminished erythropoietic function" (Williamson et al, nd). There are numerous causes of anemia in the elderly, the most common of which include chronic
disease, inflammation and blood loss (Williamson et al, nd). Smith reports there are two primary causes: "chronic disease and iron deficiency" (Smith, 2000). The incidence of anemia in the
elderly is high, ranging between 8 and 44 percent (Smith, 2000). Men over the age of 85 are most likely to develop anemia (Smith, 2000). Some studies report 32 percent
of older women are anemic (Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA, 2002, p. 10). Smith reports the percentage of anemia cases according to cause: * 30 to 45 percent
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