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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 7 page overview of Attention Deficity with Hyperactivity Disorder. The author outlines what is known regarding the causes and the impacts of this condition. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPadhdPathology.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children (Wolraich, Wibbelsman, Brown, Evans et. al., 2005; Reid, Trout, and Schartz, 2005). It affects both males and
females with both sexes demonstrating essentially indistinguishable clinical correlates. The condition persists in many cases through puberty and can, in fact, persist through adulthood (Wolraich, Wibbelsman, Brown, Evans et.
al., 2005; Schachar, Crosbie, Barr, Ornstein, et. al., 2005). The psychopathology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) encompasses a complexity of physiological, psychological, and even sociological elements.
In some regards the current literature regarding ADHD seems conflicted. A review of that literature makes it clear that the etiology of ADHD
is yet to be fully understood. Much of the research suggests the condition is physiologically based. Other literature, however, emphasizes the importance of sociological factors in ADHD.
Interestingly, as Furman and Berman (2004, p. 601) observe, there is "no identified etiology for AD/HD and that neither brain imaging, electroencephalography, continuous performance tests, nor any blood test can
distinguish children with or without AD/HD". Once again, however, the literature is somewhat conflicted when it comes to explaining ADHD. Rubia, Smith, Brammer, Toone, and Taylor (2005) report
on the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that motor response for ADHD patients was mediated most of the time by the prefrontal cortex and the basal
ganglia. These researchers report that inhibition failure in healthy subjects results in the activation of a network of the "mesial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and inferior parietal cortices, brain
areas that have been found to be structurally (20) and functionally abnormal in patients with ADHD (Rubia, Smith, Brammer, Toone, and Taylor, 2005).
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