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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 7 page paper discusses the historical significance of the book On Sparta, written by Greek biographer and essayist Plutarch. No additional sources cited.
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7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Plutarch.doc
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affluent family where education was vigorously encouraged. He devoted his life to the study of Greek history and philosophy. He became an expert on the societies of Ancient Greece and
Rome and much of what is known about the long-gone cultures is attributed to the writings of Plutarch. He wrote incessantly about the cities, wars and legendary political and
military leaders. Ancient Greece was comprised of two dominant but extremely different city-states -- Athens and Sparta. Much has been written about Athens, but in Plutarchs time, very little
information existed about Sparta, which at one time had been the most powerful city-state in Greece. Therefore, the serious student of ancient history needs to look no farther than
Plutarchs On Sparta, which has become the foremost authority on the largely forgotten society. Sparta was the capital of Laconia and its geographic location was ideal. Strategically shielded
on three sides by mountains, Sparta was also blessed with a warm climate and fertile soil. Sparta may well have been the first socialist state. It was
an agrarian economy where citizens presided over plots of land which were provided to them by the state. Plutarch points out that although Athens is considered the birthplace of
democracy, political tyranny also reigned supreme there. Spartas government was established as a reaction against the rampant tyranny which existed in Athens. They endeavored to create a revolutionary
form of government which resembles a combination of democracy and oligarchy. The Spartan government consisted of three components -- it was a kingdom ruled by not one but two
kings; there was also a council of elders called the Gerousia, the Ephorate and the Assembly. Like a democracy, Sparta also operated under a written constitution. As
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