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This 3 page paper reports research about gender and moral reasoning and using the PROM across cultures. The research about how gender affects moral reasoning is contradictory. There is very little research about how culture affects prosocial moral reasoning. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PG699563.doc
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real life, they do so in both social and cultural contexts while most studies are hypothetical situations. Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development are used as a measurement. Kohlbergs stages
have received a lot of criticism. Carol Gilligan, for instance, agued that Kohlberg did not consider the different orientations of men and women. She reported that most men (79 percent)
have a justice orientation to morality while most women (75 percent) have a care orientation (Haviv & Leman, 2002). Justice includes autonomy and non-interference while care involves concern for other
persons and a feeling of connectedness (Haviv & Leman, 2002). The main difference between hypothetical ethical dilemma scenarios and real life is that that the question is what should
one do versus what would I do. Some studies have found that in Kohlbergs original study, most people say the person should steal the drug the individual really needs it
but if asked what would they really do, most would say they would not steal it because of the consequences (Haviv & Leman, 2002). They could go to jail, for
instance. Haviv and Leman (2002) conducted a study to investigate moral orientation of genders, the impact the specific type of moral dilemma had on decision making, and the impact of
the consequences. Gender role was also explored. Gender role refers to the degree of femininity men have and the degree of masculinity women have. The results of this study did
not agree with Gilligans theory. There were four dilemmas and men and women did not hold to a prevailing orientation, justice versus care, across those dilemmas. Men and women both
used a justice orientation and a care orientation based on the specific dilemma (Haviv & Leman, 2002).There was no consistency within genders, i.e., all women did not use a care
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