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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper looks at the way market access is assured under World Trade Organization regulations, including the application of tariffs, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical regulations. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEWTObarrier.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
the World Trade Organization; access to markets is regulated by both general agreements as well as the individual members schedules of concessions. These schedules are the commitments that countries have
made to refrain from applying tariffs at rates above those listed. Tariffs are one of the main barriers that may be used to limit access; the effect of a tariff
is to increase the cost of the imported goods, leading to a position where the domestically produced goods have a cost advantage (Das, 1998). The WTO does not outlaw trade
tariffs, but these are limited and countries are expected to comply with agreements. Where tariffs are implemented they are expected to be transparent and predicable and under the Agreement on
Agriculture, tariffs cannot be implemented above the bound levels and where tariffs are implemented there are measures to allow for appeals and countermeasures to be taken (WTO, 2011). However,
these are not the only ways in which a country may implement trade barriers to reduce or eliminate market access for companies fro other countries. Non tariff barriers may include
quantitative restrictions with quotas, as well as claims from countries regarding a requirement for measures in order to protect health and safety of the their citizens, there are also measures
which limit and control the way that this may be implemented (WTO, 2011). Following the Uruguay Round with the move known as tariffication, it was agreed that all non
tariff barriers relating to agricultural goods would be removed, with tariffs calculated to maintain trade, which also included the use of a tariff based quota system where there were tiers
(WTO, 2010). With pressure for quotas to be eliminated an increasingly used barrier is that under GATT Article 20, where governments are
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