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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page research paper that contrasts and compares 3 theories on aggression: Freud's instinct theory, frustration-aggression theory, and social learning theory. Examination of these theories shows that, while they are all different in their orientation, they each offer insight into the reasons behind aggressive human behavior. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_kh3vag2.rtf
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reasons behind aggression, that is, what causes one individual to lash out violently at another. Three significant theories regarding the origins of aggression are Freuds instinct theory, frustration-aggression theory,
and social learning theory. Examination of these theories shows that, while they are all different in their orientation, they each offer insight into the reasons behind aggressive human behavior.
Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, developed a theory that human aggression can be traced to instinct. According to Freud, dissatisfaction and aggression can be traced to the
conflict between human sexual needs and societal mores (Davidson, 2002). Freud in his writing makes reference to aggression as "an original self-subsisting instinctual disposition in man," as well as "the
greatest impediment to civilization" (Davidson, 2002). Putting this in a simpler manner, instinct theory points out that human beings have inherited a fighting instinct that is similar to that found
in all other species (Theories of Aggression, 2004). Frustration-aggression theory (FAT) was originally conceived by Dollard, et al, in 1939 and was later refined by Berkowitz and others in
the 1970s (FAT, 2004). This theory states that "frustration, caused by interference in goal-direction activity, does not automatically result in aggression but produces a readiness for aggression which if triggered
can result in aggressive responses" (FAT, 2004). A triggering event can frequently be something insignificant, such as a joke, gesture or mild criticism, which is normally overlooked, but becomes magnified
in the mind of the individual due to his or her already frustrated state. Aggressive response becomes more likely if the frustrated individual is also inebriated. Alcohol-induced impairments, which include
narrowing of the perceptual field and reduced powers of reasoning, increase the possibility that the frustrated individual will focus on one small detail of a given situation, exaggerate its importance
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