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A 6 page paper seeking to answer the question of the title. Bias in financial reporting was documented more than 100 years ago, and it has been an ongoing problem since that time. Auditing is thought to reduce that bias, but does it have its full intended effect? Research indicates that deep bias begins with management and perhaps away from financial activities. It also indicates that auditing causes alteration of financial reports well before they are made public, meaning that it does indeed reduce bias in financial reporting. Sarbanes-Oxley is causing changes in basic accounting operations in many companies, which in the future will have a wealth of data that should lend itself well to research in auditing's effect on bias. Includes an abstract. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

This is a 6 page paper which discusses cost accounting, benchmarking and merchandising for a new business. The bibliography has 4 sources.

A 6 page book review of E.L. Jones' The European Miracle. In this text, Jones endeavors to answer the following question, which is "How to account for the ascendancy...of the First World" (Kellas 330). In his search for answers, Jones looks at European history and geography and contrasts and compares its development with the history of Asia, which he pictures as taking a different socio/economic path. Jones characterizes the Ottoman empire as "intellectual backward" and speaks of India's "total lack of political inspiration," pointing out the social structure in India "impaired political stability and the resulting instability impaired development (Kellas 330). As this suggests, in answer to the questions that the text poses, Jones presents a multitude of elements as contributing to the miracle of European development. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

A 5 page book review that examines a text that offers an alternative view of history. In the prologue to his text Eve's Seed: Biology, the Sexes and the Course of History (2001), historian Robert S. McElvaine states that "If the complex argument of the book had to be reduced to one sentence," it would be that "Hell hath no fury like a man devalued" (McElvaine 1). By this McElvaine means that the story of Adam and Eve was actually about the "fall of Man" but rather a metaphorical account of the rise of women, as he credits women with the invention of agriculture. Through this invention in the early pre-history of the race, women surpassed men and destroyed the significance of the male role as a hunter to the survival of the tribe. Furthermore, going to the heart of the biological difference between the sexes, McElvaine argues the male assertions of superiority can be traced to the "male inability to bear and nourish children" (McElvaine 3). Based on these propositions, McElvaine proceeds to offer a revisionist history that takes a decidedly different perspective from the traditional male-oriented view. No additional sources cited.

This 15 page paper answers a range of questions set by the student looking at the way variable costs and fixed costs can be budgeted, cost variances, product mix variances and an NPV and IRR calculation.

This 18 page paper answers five multipart questions set by the student, looking at the completion of income and balance sheets and why a business ay not make a profit in the first year with the fictional case of Kassick Co, different methods of depreciation using periodic and perpetual methodologies, how wages deduction and how share issuances and dividends will be recorded.

A 3 page research paper that analyzes Francis Parkman's text La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West was originally published in 1869, a time in literary history that is characterized as the "Romantic" era, which refers to the fact that artists, writers, and musicians were reacting to the over emphasis on rationality that had been characteristic of the preceding century. Examination of Parkman's account shows that, while this is a scholarly work--with copious footnotes and references-- it nevertheless is written in a romantic style that is designed to engage the emotions of the reader, as well as the intellect. Parkman does this through idealizing La Salle's character, giving him mythic proportions as a hero, and also through his romantic view of the processes involved in exploration, which is presented as a tremendous, romanticized adventure. No additional sources cited.

A 2 page paper calculating and presenting a contribution margin and determining breakeven point for Wal-Mart in 2002 and 2003. Values used for fixed and variable costs essentially are fictitious, but not entirely so as they are reported values for revenues, cost of goods sold and SG&A expenses used for sales, variable costs and fixed costs, respectively. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

This 5 page paper answers several question supplied by the student. Fictitious company Majestic Limo need a balance sheet preparing and a second company has balance sheet figures provided with the need to calculate the level of retained earnings. The next part prepares an income statement, retained earnings statement and a balance sheet and then assesses the company's liquidity and probable past profitability.

A 5 page paper answering several questions about what a company should do to improve its bottom line. Its sales are down for the first nine months of the year and expenses and inventories have increased. The paper provides calculations for the company's ROI, capital turnover and gross margin, and discusses possible courses of action. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

An 8 page paper in two parts. Part 1 describes and critiques the budget process at River Beverages. Part 2 builds various spreadsheets for cash and cash requirements throughout one quarter. Included are a sales budget, cash receipts budget, purchases budget, cash disbursements budget and the beginning of a summary cash budget. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

A 5 page paper which examines how Shakespeare recounted the history of Richard III in his play. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 5 page paper comparing and contrasting these two myths. While there are distinct differences, there are often many similarities between the creation myths of even widely diverse cultures. Such is the case for the Yoruba of Nigeria and the Hindu people of India. Bibliography lists 1 source.

This 4 page paper is written in two parts. The first compares the balance sheets, income statement and statement of cash flow of three companies; Microsoft, ExxonMobile and Ford, looking at the similarities and difference and determining which are the most useful. The second part considers whether the traditional measurement of profit is sufficient or if there should be increased emphasis on cash flow when accessing the performance of a company. The bibliography cites 3 sources.

A 4 page research proposal seeking to identify both financial and nonfinancial performance measures that can benefit a new company and its parent in several respects. The paper recommends maintaining basic financial measures including revenues, costs, cash flow, net income or loss, current assets, current liabilities and inventory on hand. Necessary for use in daily operations, they also are necessary for determining additional measures including current ratio, profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. Customer satisfaction is the most important nonfinancial measure. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

This 7 page paper answers two sets of questions set by the student. The first considers the fictitious company of River Beverages ad the budget setting process, looking at how it operates the way it creates responsibility and accountably and the advantages and advantages of such as complex inclusive system. The second question concerns a man who wants to retire and has a lump sum to invest to give him an income. The paper looks at using only the interest, the impact of inflation and the use of both interest and capital to produce an increasing income. The bibliography cites 4 sources.

3 pages in length. Joseph Eby Ruin's New Strait Times article entitled "Importance of Business Ethics" shoots right to the core issue in today's commerce where the often-absent component of ethical consideration serves to create unnecessary problems and compromised character. Ruin (1997) openly charges today's business community with shirking the inherent responsibility of upholding ethical guidelines not because industries are mandated to do so but rather out of an intrinsic desire to do the right thing. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

A 4 page research proposal seeking to identify both financial and nonfinancial performance measures that can benefit a new company and its parent in several respects. The first will be to assess the new company's progress on a historical basis; another will be to assess nonfinancial measures that positively affect future financial results. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 7 page paper discussing budgeting processes at River Beverages and at Atlantico. River Beverages strives to gain a high degree of accuracy, incorporating many unnecessary steps in the process and holding production managers accountable for the performance of non-production departments (i.e., sales). Atlantico's approach is only to "do even better next year," costing it the possibility of price breaks and more effective use of available labor. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

This 4 page paper is written in two parts. The first part of the paper looks at how the allocation or non allocation of untraceable costs may result in a different interpretation in department performance and skew the results. The second part of the paper considers activity based costing and whether is suitable to be used for a piano manufacturing and as well as the potential problems if it is not used. The bibliography cites 4 sources.

A 6 page paper seeking to determine how Enron should it now approach its financial reporting. The purpose here is to present a method that senior management can use to arrive at sound and appropriate decisions regarding the matter of financial reporting. The paper discusses several approaches to decision-making, choosing the rational model (problem identification, development of available alternatives; choice of the best alternative) as the framework in which Enron should proceed. The paper recommends four months for review of financial records created well after the scandal unfolded, creation of another approach and implementation of the new system. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

This 15-page paper focuses on tasks and job descriptions of financial managers and accountants, for purposes of putting together a potential "job" that such a person might have in a computer services company. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

This 7 page paper answers question set by the student, showing the calculation of current and long term assets, contribution levels, break even points, the calculation of ratios and how ratios can be interpreted.

A 5 page paper in 2 sections providing a capital budgeting analysis of long-term operating leases, then assessing those same leases as capital leases. The second section consists of 11 items identifying and briefly discussing items on the balance sheet. Bibliography lists 1 source.

A 4 page paper discussing Dayton, Ohio's Miami Valley Hospital's use of Epic Systems' Resolute Hospital Billing® system. The software product does not solve all AR problems, but it proves itself to be an invaluable tool for increasing AR efficiency; reducing the revenue cycle; and providing third-party payers with the documentation they require. Bibliography lists 3 sources.