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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4-page paper discusses the U.S. relations with Angola and its limited military strategy in that country, dating from the Reagan Doctrine of the mid-1980s through President George W. Bush's recent lifting of sanctions against UNITA and Angola. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_MTusango.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
also had a strong military and security plan when it came to Angola - a plan that only has been recently lifted.
During Ronald Reagans term in office during the 1980s, one writer noted that "Angola is an easier target for covert operations than Central America is" (Maren, 1987). But in the
shadow, at the time, of Iran/Contra (weapons for hostages), Congress at the time was apathetic and confused (Maren, 1987). Yet something needed to be done to assist Angolan leader Jonas
Savimbi and his National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) in his overthrow of the ruling party, the communist-backed Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (Maren,
1987). So at the time, taking a tough stand against Angola would mean a tough stand against communism (Maren, 1987). In an effort to help, Savimbi and UNITA received at
least $15 million in covert assistance from the U.S. (including Stinger aircraft missiles) (Maren, 1987). But in fast-forwarding to 1993, Bill Clinton
signed Executive Order No. 12865, which declared a national emergency with respect to Angola (Clinton, 1994). The order (which complemented United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 864), U.S. citizens were
prohibited from supplying military arms or vehicles to Angola except through specific ports of entry; while prohibiting the supply of spare parts, petroleum products and materiel to that country (Clinton,
1994). By this time, too, the Reagan-backed support for UNITA had turned to outright hostility, with Clinton and Congress imposing sanctions both against UNITA and Angola (Clinton, 1994).
What had happened to change the policy? During the early 1990s, with the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet Union rivalry almost at an end, it
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