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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper discusses the development of a genetic vaccine against malaria, its
mode of administration, and its possible mode of action. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KV32_HVmarvcn.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
The idea of genetic vaccines is not new; research has been going for decades. The reasoning behind these vaccines is simple: although vaccines have succeeded in eradicating many diseases, there
are many more, such as herpes, AIDS, hepatitis C --- and malaria - for which effective vaccines have not yet been found (Weiner and Kennedy). Its obvious that other strategies
are needed, and one of the most promising creates vaccines from genetic material, "either DNA or RNA. In the past 10 years such vaccines have progressed from a maligned idea
to entities being studied intensively in academia and industry and in early human trials" (Weiner and Kennedy). One of the reasons for the failure of science to develop vaccines for
these diseases is that parasitic infections are very complex and demand a new approach to the design of these vaccines (Ivory and Chadee, 2004). Ivory and Chadee discuss the
use of "prime-boost immunizations, genetic adjuvants, multivalent vaccines and codon optimization for optimal DNA vaccine design against parasites" (Ivory and Chadee, 2004). These are the vaccine types currently under development.
Successful vaccines have to produce "strong immune responses which are long-lasting and in most cases providing protection against different strains of the same pathogen"; that is, they have to be
able to counter the disease if it mutates (Ivory and Chadee, 2004). As noted above, its been difficult to develop a vaccine against malaria because it is a parasitic infection,
and such diseases are complex; they also "tend to be chronic and associated with immunodepression or inappropriate immune responses" (Ivory and Chadee, 2004). Parasites have "complex life cycles" and "host
immunity to stage-specific antigens may not overlap with other later stages or vector-borne stages" (Ivory and Chadee, 2004). That is, the complexity of the parasites life cycle may make it
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