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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page paper which compares and contrasts the term, ‘conscience,’ as described by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TG15_TGniefre.doc
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concepts of conscience, which was just as elusive a term in the nineteenth century as it is today. Nietzsche, long criticized for his bleak view of humanity had a
similarly negative concept of conscience, the origins of which he maintained could be traced to the "genesis of responsibility" (190). In his treatise, The Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche defines
conscience as a "dominant instinct" which has evolved from his "proud awareness of the extraordinary privilege responsibility" (191). According to Nietzsche, the conscience, or dominant instinct, is an intricate
process which has been strongly influenced by societal expectations, via a "long history of transformations" (192). The conscience evolves from the memory, and in The Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche
considered why some events made a more lasting impression on the memory than others. He cited the psychological assertion that, "A thing is branded on the memory to make
it stay there; only what goes on hurting will stick" (192). Man develops his conscience through such memories, Nietzsche contended, as "torture, blood and sacrifice" (193). He believed
that throughout history, society and religion, collectively have sought to create strong impressions in man through punishment for actions deemed as unacceptable. Using a linguistic argument, Nietzsche noted the
similarity between schuld, which is the German word for guilt and the term which describes indebtedness, schulden (194). The purpose of the conscience, as defined by Nietzsche, is to punish
man for exercising his free will. Society, in the form of laws, rules and regulations have reinforced mans indebtedness to its preservation. Through deception, and if that doesnt
work, physical torture, Nietzsche believed that the human conscience was sufficiently whipped into shape. These, in conjunction with his memories of the past, have combined to dominate man in
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