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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 7 page paper explains a number of theories that account for an employee's motivation to get along with others and to demonstrate high performance. Those discussed include expectation theory, motive and need theory, goal theory, group theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and others. The write explains how Maslow's theory is especially relevant when considering workers interacting with others. One graphic illustration is provided. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGmot.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
experimental research studies. The old theories are: * Expectancy Theory - this theory is related to three constructs: expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Basically, the theory suggests that employees are
motivated when their expectations are met, when their efforts result in the promised reward and when the reward is valuable enough to them to work for it. * Goal-Setting -
goal setting theory continues to be validated. Research has shown a definite link between goals and performance: more difficult goals that are specific result in better performance than easy or
general goals. Individuals are more committed to goals they set themselves. * Cognitive Evaluation Theory - this theory follows along on Herzbergs work. Deci asserted that there are
two motivational subsystems, which are intrinsic and extrinsic. Deci related the type of motivation system to locus of causality, internal versus external. What this means is that the intrinsically motivated
person believes that success or failure is based on his or her own actions and performance and they attribute their behavior to their own internal needs while the extrinsically motivated
individual believes the causes are due to external factors. * Equity Theory - this theory suggests that employees are motivated when they perceive the work environment is equitable and
just. When the situation is perceived as inequitable, i.e., they are not treated as well as another employee, they will be motivated to do something that will relieve the tension,
such as lower work efforts, leave the job, etc. It they perceive equity, they will work to maintain that state. * Motive and Needs Theory - The research has historically
focused on Herzbergs work in which he identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Most of the research compared one group to another, often comparing private sector to public sector employees. The
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