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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper that is a 5-column Table. The columns are: learning theory, contributors, dates, strengths and weaknesses and complementary technology. Four learning theories are discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGtbllr.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Pavlov: 1889 Thorndike: 1913 Skinner: 1938 Strengths: empirical evidence suggests efficacy of this model; builds fluency by connecting stimuli with correct response. Weaknesses: some consider this approach to be
manipulative. Instructor must be well-versed to practice this correctly. CAI (Computer assisted instruction). CBI (Computer-Based instruction). DES (Discrete educational software programs). Each of the above provide knowledge or fact-based
instruction and practice, thus, complement this model. Word processing programs with grammar and spell-check features also complement behaviorism because student knows immediately what is right and wrong. Cognitivism Wilhelm Wundt
said we must understand the intervening variables involved in learning process; Edward Tolman introduced cognitive elements to the study of learning (Encyclopedia of Education, 2007); Jerome Bruner argued learning is
an active process (Kearsley, 2007); David Ausubels most renowned contribution was the advance organizer to prepare students cognitive structure to receive information (Charles Sturt University, n.d.). Wundt: 1879 Tolman:
1948 Bruner: 1960 Ausubel: 1968 Strengths: learner is center of lesson; learner is active in learning process; process builds upon prior knowledge. Weaknesses: Some students need more help to structure
and organize material and information. Any technology that allows student to interact would fall within this model. This would include the DES programs, word processing programs, data modeling, spreadsheets, synchronous
conferencing, and interactive video and audio technologies. These are all student-centered technologies that can build upon prior knowledge. Constructivism Lev Vygotsky, one of his contributions was the role of
culture in learning, another is the zone of proximal development (Tudge and Winterhoff, 1993); Jean Piagets major contributions were the stages of cognitive development and the concepts of assimilation and
accommodation (Tudge and Winterhoff, 1993). Vygotsky: 1925 Piaget: mid-1950s Lave & Wenger: 1991 Strengths: lessons incorporate life experiences; knowledge is considered according to its context. Interactive video and
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