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A 3 page essay that discusses the views of Carol Gilligan and James P. Sterba. Throughout human history, philosophers have pondered the characteristics and nature of what constitutes moral behavior and tried to establish the parameters of justice that should govern human behavior. The following discussion of contemporary philosophy, as it pertains to the issue of justice and ethics, first of all, examines the feminist theory of Gilligan and her arguments against Lawrence Kohlberg's traditionally based model of moral development before briefly summarizing the position and arguments of Sterba. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KE9_khstegil.rtf
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the issue of justice and ethics, first of all, examines the feminist theory of Carol Gilligan and her arguments against Lawrence Kohlbergs traditionally based model of moral development before briefly
summarizing the position and arguments of James P. Sterba. Carol Gilligan challenges Kohlbergs theory of moral development, which is based on a justice orientation, as she feels that this
orientation is incomplete. Kohlbergs theory maintains that a child that is developing according to a healthy pattern becomes increasingly autonomous, that is, independent. Gilligan, on the other hand, argues that
normal development can and should involve healthy attachment to other people rather than a strict adherence to Kohlbergs independent and somewhat idealized focus on the self, as both the ability
to forge lasting bonds with others, as well as to act independently, are both healthy characteristics of moral development (Gilligan, 2009). As this suggests, Gilligan feels that traditional ethics,
such as the model formulated by Kohlberg, tends to trivialize the moral perspectives favored by women. In making her argument, she specifically targets Kohlbergs theory, which describes moral development as
a six-stage hierarchical process. Gilligan questions why women, according to the Kohlberg perspective, seldom climb above Stage Three of his model, while men typically develop to Stages Four or even
Five (Tong and Williams, 2009). She objects to the traditional conclusion that women are not as morally developed, on the whole, as their male counterparts, but rather locates the basic
cause for this outcome in the male bias of the model (Tong and Williams, 2009). In Gilligans research on womens moral development, she indicates that this encounters language that
indicates a prioritization of care, which stresses relationships and responsibilities, rather than the language of male researchers, which it the "dominant moral language of ethics," as it has its
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