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A 5 page discussion of the opinions voiced by Herbert Aptheker in his 1967 book 'The Nature of Democracy, Freedom and Revolution.' The writer argues that by contrasting Marxist philosophy against 'bourgeois' democracy and revolution, Aptheker offers a perspective on history and political philosophy that is truly intriguing, if somewhat dated in his conclusions. No other sources cited.
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File: D0_00hapthe.rtf
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in his conclusions. No other sources cited. 00hapthe.rtf Herbert Aptheker/ Views on Marxism ? July, 2000 ? for more information on using this paper
properly! Herbert Aptheker offers a profound and thought-provoking examination of Marxism in his 1967 book The Nature of Democracy, Freedom and Revolution (1967). By contrasting Marxist philosophy against "bourgeois"
democracy and revolution, Aptheker offers a perspective on history and political philosophy that is truly intriguing, if somewhat dated in his conclusions. First of all, to comprehend Apthekers position, it
is first necessary to understand ?as he does?that the founding fathers had a deep distrust of the working classs ability to participate in self-government. In other words, when the Declaration
of Independence stated that "all men are created equal," Jefferson was referring to those males (women were completely excluded) who were educated and owned property. Aptheker points out that
even Voltaire, the French political philosopher who is the very symbol of classical bourgeois revolution wrote that the people (i.e., the working populace) would always be "stupid" and "barbarous." Also,
the great names that are associated with the development of bourgeois-democracy?Jefferson, Madison, James Mill and John Stuart Mill?all feared the consequences of universal suffrage. What these men recognized is that
a large majority of humanity, particularly in that period, did not have the education to make successful decisions in self-governance. Marxism, on the other hand, denies all anti-democratic
theories (Aptheker, 1967). According to Marx, there is no such thing as mass incompetence. There is, however, mass deprivation, oppression, and exploitation. It is deprivation that brings about degrees of
incompetence in necessary skills, however, Marx also argues that this lack is never as great as upper-class ideologists propose (Aptheker, 1967). In other words, according to Marx, the inequalities come
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