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A 10 page paper discussing changes in the profession arising from changes in technology, globalization and competitive strategies. Integrated management accounting systems, such as those arising from activity-based costing and management (ABC/ABM) systems with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems can be appealing for their instant accessibility to information in real-time, but they also can detract from sound decision making based on trends more easily discernible from the more standard monthly and annual reports of traditional management accounting systems. There can be a place for both, but their uses need to be as clearly defined as the qualities they are measuring. Bibliography lists 16 sources.

15 pages in length. No other animal like the gray wolf can evoke such awe and terror at the same time. History is full of accounts of this magnificent animal stalking and ultimately taking down its prey with such ferocity and intent that scores of fabrications and misrepresentations have wrongly infused themselves into the patchwork of society. In fact, the gray wolf is no more sinister a predator than the lion, bobcat or owl; their primary focus in life is survival, which compels them to hunt for their existence. The writer offers a detailed account of how gray wolves cooperate in hunting. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

A 10 page essay on the viability of epistemology as a theory. Known as the ‘theory of knowledge,' epistemology is discussed in philosophical circles as something that may or may not be alive and functioning: its critics say that the changes in the approaches from the traditional to the analytic has destroyed its practice. Those critics, however, fail to take into account the rapidity and drama of the changes in the world today, and that cultural biases now also must be accounted for in any study of knowledge. The theory is argued to be viable and functioning, even by groups that may be unaware of its formal name. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

A 10 page paper discussing general accounting methods used at Nike and the very different pictures that can be painted according to liberal or conservative reporting views. The differences in reported results of operations of two very similar companies, each with similar market share, reputation and notoriety, can be widely divergent. Even though both Nike and Reebok adhere to the rules set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission and organizations for maintenance of accounting standards, the pictures presented by each are far enough apart that they could affect investment decisions. Nike shareholders following only the company's annual report are likely to be both disappointed and baffled when their Nike stock loses even more value than it has since 1997. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

The economy in Brazil and much of Latin America is very near collapse, despite past political and economic gains in the region. The poor performances will result in more poverty and delayed economic growth. The primary responsibility for the economic condition lies with the political structure, however, the private sector has possessed the means to hedge against or even benefit from inflation through dollar accounts and overnight accounts. There is no support for change from either the general populace or from the business sector that would provide incentive for the political structure. Inflation has played a major role in the interaction between the economy and the political support for positive economic policies. The 'Real Plan' was initiated in 1944 as an attempt to curtail substantial price increases. Political decisions, then and now, have negatively impacted well-intentioned economic plans seeking to improve the economic future of Brazil. This 10 page paper explores the economic background; issues and problems of the current economy and recommendations for positive change in the economic policies. Bibliography lists 12+ sources.

A 5 page paper arguing against the premises presented in a paper decrying what the author sees as "social ambivalence" in auditing firm billing practices connected with auditing activities. The author charges that respected accounting firms uses their audit function to operate as a "loss leader" to attract clients, with the intention of later raising their rates but in the meantime padding their hourly billing as a matter of course. While the article makes no mention of the serious view of ethical practice taken by professional accounting associations, the paper does. The author's evidence is shown to be weak and without grounds. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

A 9 page paper. The FASB is charged with formulating standards for accounting reporting, dictating the form and structure of the annual reports every public company must file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), superficially it would seem that there would be very little need for any change in form or even that form would be dictated at all except for the purposes of uniformity. The fact is, however, that accounting standards do change in response to changing business practices and environments. The decade of the 1990s has witnessed more of that change in business practice more than at any other time, and the FASB has been busy trying to keep up. Bibliography 8 sources.

A paper which looks in detail at the three novels of Pat Barker’s Regeneration trilogy (Regeneration, The Eye in the Door and The Ghost Road) as examples of the techniques and methodologies of historiographical metafiction. Barker investigates the lost voices of those who were traumatised by shell shock in the First World War, and uses a combination of empirical and imaginative resources in order to reconstruct the subjective histories of those who were silenced in this way; she reconstructs these lost accounts of the suffering and horrors of the Great War through the interpolation of fact and fiction, thus providing an insight into the experiences of those whose accounts are not factually documented in the same way as objective historical data.

5 pages in length. Much literary attention has been given to the Civil War, including it causes, outcome and overall impact upon American history. However, few accounts actually delve deeply, if at all, into the agonizing human concerns those three days produced. For a country that espoused benevolence and compassion, the United States had entered into one of the bloodiest battles ever to be recorded throughout history. The turning point for the American Civil War was the Battle of Gettysburg, one conflict of many that stood out as instrumental in eventually bringing the war to a close. Many people have little understanding of the Civil War's impact beyond this point, inasmuch as school history books fail to address the personal issues that ensued, which is where Shaara effectively fills in this gaping void with emotional reflections that allow the reader to gain a significantly different perspective than what is portrayed in unadorned accounts. No bibliography.

5 pages. This research paper is an informational tool on the topic of accounting for equity investment securities held as assets with emphasis on recognition, decognition and holding of the securities. These will be described in detail regarding the accounting for equity investment securities before the existence of SFAS 115. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 5 page paper discussing the generalizability of resistance to political oppression in the New World and in the East. In Hear My Testimony, author Maria Teresa Tula provides an account of the struggle for human rights in her native El Salvador. The purpose here is to examine the historical origins of that struggle and to determine whether the work reflects world historical forces of the non western world. The paper concludes that though results in abuses of human rights take similar forms, the historical origin of extremism in the New World and in old civilizations of Asia are greatly different. The book does provide an account of women's involvement in political resistance, however, which is highly relevant to oppression resulting from any origin. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

This is a 10 page paper reviewing the book “Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting” by H. Thomas Johnson and Robert S. Kaplan first published in 1987 and has since been printed over nine times. The book is extremely relevant in its recognition of the importance of the development of the management accounting discipline over its course in history and the realization that the system must be drastically updated in order to be effective in today’s global competitive industries. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

8 pages in length. Richard III has enjoyed a long, illustrious reincarnation throughout the last several centuries; while some believe he was an unscrupulous power monger who brought nothing but fear and treachery to England, others contend that his legacy has been much maligned by faulty accounts and historical alterations. Josephine Tey is one such author whose treatment of Richard III is more than kind; with the help of her protagonist detective Alan Grant, Tey works literary magic in The Daughter of Time to illustrate her perception of a man whose character she defends. Desmond Seward, on the other hand, takes a more pragmatic approach to uncovering the truth of Richard's legacy in Richard III: England's Black Legend, contending that his murderous ways placed a significantly black mark upon this period of English history. Was Richard III good or evil, or perhaps a bit of both? This is what the reader is left to determine after reading the two completely diverse accounts. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

A 6 page paper answering 5 questions about what SPEs are, why they exist and how Enron abused the tool in its accounting. The paper reviews the FASB rules under which Enron first – and legitimately, early on – began using the SPE as an accounting and functional tool. It provides examples of Enron’s abuses and Arthur Andersen’s failure to require that Enron consolidate its SPEs on Enron’s balance sheet. The paper reviews the legitimate use of the SPE and concludes with a letter from a large business to the FASB requesting that FASB consider that SPEs constitute a class of tools useful to large businesses and beneficial to the larger economy. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

This 5 page paper presents a statement that managers tend to overstate expenses and understate income, therefore, the accounts department should prepare budgets and no the managers. The statement asks the writer to agree or disagree. This paper supports the manager preparing the budget and explains why. For example, it is the manager and not the accounts department who knows what activities are incorporated into the processes used in the department, which gives the manager unique insight into non-financial costs. This paper does support collaboration, however. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

6 pages in length. The distinction between narrative and fiction is that narrative is derived from reality, whereas fiction is born of someone's imagination. That is not to say that either one presents a better form of documentary than the other, but rather to recognize that one's foundations is based in truth, while the other comes from the imaginative process. An example of a narrative documentary, "Triumph of the Will" might be construed as any one of various historical accounts where the information possesses a factual background, while "Anne Frank Remembered" represents a narrative where there is no assault upon the subject's integrity. War, nature, biographies -- these all represent a narrative in that they document reality, yet based upon the criteria found in Dai Vaughn's "For Documentary: Twelve Essays," Riefenstahl's account bears a significant obstacle in capturing absolute truth when compared with Blair's personal chronicle of Anne Frank's struggle against Nazi invasion. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

This 36 page paper considers different aspects of financial management. The paper is written in six parts which show hw to conduct a ratio analysis of some financial accounts, the example in the paper uses Hanson PLC, the value of life cycles costing as a way of controlling expenditure, overhead costing with examples of how overheads may be distributed, contribution per unit and the way that break even points, how to use general information to draw up a profit and loss account and a balance sheet, including discussion on what can and cannot be included. The paper then considers the proposed changes with FRED 22 which it the revision of FRS 3 and the different tools that can be used for investment assessment, including but not limited to NPV and IRR. The bibliography cites 16 sources.

This is a 4 page paper discussing the use of clothing materials in architecture. Traditional clothing materials such as hemp cloth or cotton mesh are used as light alternative reinforcements when mixed with other building materials and applied either within or on top of structures for strength. In most cases, application or use of traditional clothing materials or fabric involves the breaking down of the cloth either into strip of fiber form to provide the flexibility needed for the process of the combination with other products or the application on top of already constructed products. Recent innovations in clothing design however could provide for a more custom-cut fabric. Issey Miyake’s design process, the A-POC, is based on machines programmed by a computer which combined with the CAD programs used in today’s architectural design could provide for custom-fitted cloth used for the reinforcement of architectural structures. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

A 16 page paper that begins by explaining how accounting standards came to be adopted in the United States in the first place, including the establishment of AICPA, SEC, GAAP and FASB. The essay then discusses the International Accounting Standards (IAS). Four specific standards are outlined: IAS 1, 24, 27, and 31 because they apply to the events at Enron and WorldCom, which are reported in the second part of this paper. The writer concludes that while the IAS Standards had no effect on Enron and WorldCom, these two companies had a very definite effect on IAS. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

A 6 page research paper that analyzes the overall structure and goals of Herodotus' The Histories. The writer argues that, rather than detracting from account of the Peloponnesian Wars, Herodotus' digressions accomplish a far larger and more ambitious purpose, giving posterity a wonderful window into the ancient world. There is no doubt that Herodotus digresses from his main theme, that is, an account of the Peloponnesian Wars, with regularity. However, it is debatable as to whether or not this detracts or adds to his achievement. The writer defends Herodotus and his text. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

A 9 page research paper that addresses the significance of terrain in Frederick Barbarossa's Italian campaigns. When Frederick I, known as Frederick Barbarossa, became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, his primary mission was to restore the Empire to the exalted position it held under Charlemagne and Otto I (Frederick I). This entailed, first of all, establishing order in Germany, but also asserting his imperial rights in Italy (Frederick I). In all, Frederick undertook six expeditions into Italy. Frederick's uncle, Otto of Freising, authored an extensive account of Frederick's various military campaigns. However, Otto died after writing the first two books, leaving the last two to his provost, Rahewin (Frederick I). Referring to this account, this discussion explores the question of to what extent Frederick was able to overcome the physical terrain of the Italian peninsula. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

A 6 page essay that contrasts and compares the World War I experience outlined in two memoirs of the era, The Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer by Siegfried Sassoon. These texts offer contrasting views of trench warfare. Junger was a field officer for the German army; Sassoon, for the British. Their accounts are remarkably similar, as both sides endured the same hardship, the same trauma and watched as their comrades were killed. However, ultimately, their accounts are also very different as each author regards the war as filtered through his own individual perspective, which, of course, also reflects peculiarities of his culture that are assimilated to varying degrees in both men. No additional sources cited.

A 4 page book review of Randy Roberts and James S. Olson's text A Line in the Sand, the Alamo in Blood and Memory (2001). The writer argues that this is no simply an historical account of the men who died defending the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. It is this, but it is also much more, as this book also qualifies as a work of sociology and pop culture. The first half of the text details the circumstances leading up to the "siege and battle of the Alamo" within the context provided by viewing it as a "clash between two cultures and two political forces" (viii). The second half of the book continues the saga of the Alamo as it moves from being an historical event to a piece of Americana. In so doing, the authors offer a fascinating account of the role that history plays in popular culture. Throughout the text, the authors do not merely relate events, but describe circumstances and people in a manner that makes the past "come alive," to quote the cliché, but, in this case, the comment is accurate.

A 5 page essay that profiles Zhu Xiao Di's memoir of growing up in Communist China, focusing on how the period of the Cultural Revolution changed his family's circumstances. Zhu Xiao Di's Thirty years in a Red House is a revealing account of what it was like to grow-up during the Cultural Revolution in Communist China. Zhu's family were educated, cultured people who were idealistic about the Communist cause. However, their belief in Communism did not provide protection from the persecutions of the cultural revolution. Zhu's account shows that it was families like his, that is, the country's intellectuals, who ultimately suffered the most from the societal restructuring called the Cultural Revolution. No additional sources cited.

A 6 page paper examining financial records to assess the health of the company and to suggest methods of improving its cash position. Alliance Health has been growing in terms of all leading indicators of corporate health for three years (increased net income, decreased accounts receivable, decreased accounts payable, decreased debt and increased cash at year end), yet the company’s cash flow position has deteriorated. Because Alliance does not carry an untoward level of debt at present, the recommendation for improving its cash position is to take on debt sufficient to give it positive working capital and improve ROE, while simultaneously increasing its operating efficiency to reduce cycle time at least to 2001 levels. Bibliography lists 3 sources.