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A 6 page book review of Howard Gardner's Extraordinary Minds (1997). Gardner's theories regarding the nature of human intelligence have changed the manner in which many educators approach their classrooms (Weiss 45). It was Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences that first caused educators to broach the ideal of tailoring school to the minds of children and how they learn rather than trying to force the children to adapt to the school. In his text Extraordinary Minds (1997), Gardner expands on his ideas concerning intelligence by taking a biographical approach and closely examining the lives of four people who exhibited extraordinary mental development: Mozart, Freud, Virginia Woolf and Gandhi (Weiss 45). Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khhgem.rtf
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multiple intelligences that first caused educators to broach the ideal of tailoring school to the minds of children and how they learn rather than trying to force the children to
adapt to the school. In his text Extraordinary Minds (1997), Gardner expands on his ideas concerning intelligence by taking a biographical approach and closely examining the lives of four people
who exhibited extraordinary mental development: Mozart, Freud, Virginia Woolf and Gandhi (Weiss 45). Gardner on the nature/nurture controversy Gardner readily supports the stance of most psychologists and scientists that
the potential for a childs intelligence is primarily biologically based. He writes that if one knows "the intelligence of an individuals biological parents," it is possible to the childs intelligence
to a high degree (Gardner 40). However, while Gardner supports the "nature" side of this controversy in this respect, he does not discount the influence of "nurture." To demonstrate
the influence of the environment on the genetic potential of child to develop intelligence, he urges the reader to do a thought experiment and imagine identical twins "separated not at
birth, but at conception" and imagine that five positive experiences occur to one twin (called "B" for benign) ad five negative experiences occur to the other twin (called "M" for
malign) (Gardner 49). By the time the twins are born, B has had 1,300 positive experiences, while M has had 1,300 negative experiences. Jump ahead five years and the total
of experiences for each child is 9,000, indicating an ever-widening discrepancies in their life experiences. Even though these two individuals would be genetically identical, having gained the same genetic
inheritance at conception, after having so many different experiences, Gardner argues that B is likely to feel "positively about himself, to have had a chance to acquire some
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