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A 6 page research paper that discusses Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and the reform that he instituted in the 1980s and early 1990s and whether these reforms should be regarded as a successful or a failure. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khgorref.rtf
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self-defeating foreign policy and a corrupt, inept elite" that lacked both "energy and ideas" (Simes, 1991). In order to rectify this situation, Gorbachev, over the course of the next
decade, instituted a system of reform efforts. However, rather than helping the Soviet Union to survive as viable political entity, these reforms prompted the dissolution of the Soviet empire. It
can be argued that the "social, economic, and ecological decline of Soviet society" was so severe by the time that Gorbachev took office and its ultimate fall was inevitable (Foster,
2005, p. 1). Economist Robert Heilbroner summarized the prevailing American view of the situation in 1989 when the Berlin Wall fell by writing, "Less than seventy-five year after it officially
began, the context between capitalism and social is over, capitalism has won" (Foster, 2005, p. 1). A question nevertheless remains as to how Gorbachevs program of reforms by history.
The answer to this question depends on the perspective taken and whether this viewpoint is global or limited in its scope. From a global viewpoint, yes, Gorbachevs reforms were
successful, in that, these actions prompted the end of the Cold War, increased personal freedom and reestablished the economies of the various Soviet member states within the framework of
capitalism. However, taking a perceptive that considers the goals that Gorbachev hoped to accomplish, that is, to provide the "salvation of Marxism-Leninism, rather than its demise," Gorbachev failed (Simes, 1991).
The changes in attitude that characterized the end of the 1980s and the final ending of the Cold War would not have been possible without Gorbachevs policies of perestroika
and glasnost (Batyuk, 1999). It was under Gorbachev that the Soviet Union rejected the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserted that the Soviet Union, under the auspices of the Warsaw Pact, would
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