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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 9 page research paper investigating the development of leisure and sports activities among the working class in Britain towards the end of the Victorian era. Leisure activities had to meet very stringent ethical ideals by which the working class lives. Many games played in rural regions became national pastimes and most still exist today. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Victleis.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
unrest, fears of political instability, and massive health problems; health problems caused by cotton mills and other factories where workers stood on their feet for thirteen and fourteen hours a
day in cramped, dark, dusty environments. Working these kinds of hours in these kinds of conditions had left the average worker with little more than an hour of "free time"
each day. Legislation in the second half of the 1800s changed the working conditions.1 In response to the shorter working hours, general unrest among workers who wanted raises for their
work, impending labor strikes, and fear of political instability, the Victorian middle class in Britain shaped the practice of leisure activities.2 Leisure
activities, however, had to fit within the Victorian ideals of work ethics and general moral codes of the time. Leisure, then, had to be respectable, productive and justifiable; it had
to be "good for both the soul and for the country as a whole." Leisure also had to be rational, thus, they devised the brisk and purposeful recreation of hiking
which was justified as an appropriate activity for dutiful and responsible citizens.3 This new athletic recreational activity required appropriate and pleasant places
in which to hike and walk, a need that was filled by establishing hundreds of town parks which were paid for and maintained by the local governments and councils, and
sometimes by wealthy philanthropists.4 In contrast, during the last twenty years of the 19th century, the seaside at Brighten became the new
recreational area for the gentry and aristocrats who began to adopt the idea of worthy and productive leisure activities put forth by the middle class.5 It should be noted, however,
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